膀胱镜在治疗急性闭合性尿道损伤中的应用

目的探讨膀胱镜在急性闭合性尿道损伤治疗中的应用价值。方法对因骑跨伤致闭合性尿道球部损伤患者16例和骨盆骨折致后尿道损伤患者12例，采用电视尿道镜下留置导尿管行尿道会师术。结果球部损伤患者10例会师成功，6例进镜失败；后尿道损伤患者8例会师成功，4例失败。随访0．5～5年，20例治愈，8例复发狭窄。结论采用膀胱镜下尿道会师术治疗前尿道损伤安全合理，创伤小，疗效好，应成为首选方法；治疗后尿道损伤则需慎重，应根据伤情试行腔镜治疗。     

The effects of fetal allogeneic umbilical cord tissue transplant following experimental spinal cord injury on urinary bladder morphology

Background and purposeIn continuation of our previous experimental study on spinal cord injury (SCI) using fetal stem cells, we investigated here the effects of fetal allogeneic umbilical cord tissue transplant on the urinary bladder morphology in a rat SCI model.Material and methodsFive pregnant albino Wistar rats at 12 days of gestation were used to obtain the umbilical cord cell graft. In Group 1 (n = 5), Th8-Th9 laminectomy was performed. Group 2 (n = 5) received spinal cord injury. In Group 3 (n = 5), the cultured fetal umbilical cord cells coated with alginate gel were placed into the lesion cavity. In Group 4 (n = 5), only alginate sponges without umbilical cord cells were placed into the injury cavity. The bladders of animals were analyzed pathologically at 21 days after surgery.ResultsThe thickness of the epithelium and the lamina propria did not differ among studied groups (p > 0.05). The lamina muscularis thickness was significantly higher in Group 2 and Group 4 than the others (p < 0.05). The bladder weight was similar among Groups 1, 2, and 3 (p > 0.05). Fibrosis was significantly increased in Group 2 (p < 0.05); it was greater in Group 2 than in Group 3 (p < 0.05) but did not differ between Groups 1 and 3 (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study suggests that allogeneic umbilical cord tissue transplantation after SCI may prevent bladder wall hypertrophy and fibrosis in the rat SCI model.     

闭合性胸外伤合并脾包膜下破裂的诊治经验

1970年～1987年,我院收治的188例闭合性胸外伤中,有7例合并脾包膜下破裂,发生率为3.7％。脾包膜下破裂的主要症状体征是左上腹胀痛和深压痛,B超及CT检查有助诊断。作者认为对脾包膜下破裂宜采用保守治疗,对发生延迟破裂者,则尽量采用保留性手术。     

Periodically relieving ischial sitting load to decrease the risk of pressure ulcers

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relieving effect on interface pressure of an alternate sitting protocol involving a sitting posture that reduces ischial support. DESIGN: Repeated measures in 2 protocols on 3 groups of subjects. SETTING: Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty able-bodied persons, 20 persons with paraplegia, and 20 persons with tetraplegia. INTERVENTIONS: Two 1-hour protocols were used: alternate and normal plus pushup. In the alternate protocol, sitting posture was alternated every 10 minutes between normal (sitting upright with ischial support) and with partially removed ischial support (WO-BPS) postures; in the normal plus pushup protocol, sitting was in normal posture with pushups (lifting the subject off the seat) performed every 20 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Interface pressure on seat and backrest. RESULTS: In WO-BPS posture, the concentrated interface pressure observed around the ischia in normal posture was significantly repositioned to the thighs. By cyclically repositioning the interface pressure, the alternate protocol was superior to the normal plus pushup protocol in terms of a significantly lower average interface pressure over the buttocks. CONCLUSIONS: A sitting protocol periodically reducing the ischial support helps lower the sitting load on the buttocks, especially the area close to ischial tuberosities.     

糖尿病相关眼表疾病研究进展

糖尿病是由多种病因引起以糖代谢紊乱为主的常见全身病,已逐渐成为全球严重的公共卫生问题。以往对糖尿病性视网膜病变的相关研究较多,但糖尿病相关的眼表疾病尚未得到充分认识。糖尿病可增加眼表疾病的风险,包括眼干燥症、角膜炎症、持续的角膜上皮缺陷,甚至形成致盲性的角膜溃疡。本文重点概述糖尿病与眼表疾病的相关性,介绍角膜神经的变化可作为评估糖尿病性神经病变的指标,探讨糖尿病相关眼表疾病的治疗方式,为糖尿病患者早期筛查、诊断和治疗眼表病变提供帮助。     

吻合掌侧静脉及保留指甲的指尖再植

目的: 探讨手指指尖离断的治疗方法及临床效果。方法: 2007年10 月至2011年6月治疗13例18指指尖离断患者,其中男9例,女4例;年龄17～45岁,平均26岁。伤后至就诊时间30 min～5 h,断指缺血时间1.5～7 h,均为常温保存。采用吻合掌指静脉及保留指甲的方法进行再植。结果: 13例18 指断指均成活并获随访,术后无血管危象发生。随访时间为3～24个月,平均14个月。患指外形及长度与健指相似,指甲平整,关节活动良好,触、痛觉恢复,两点辨别率3～6 mm,平均5 mm.根据中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定标准评定,优14指,良3指,差1指。结论: 采用吻合掌侧静脉及保留指甲的方法进行指尖再植,不仅可以提高断指成活率还可以恢复良好的外观及功能,是一种理想的方法。     

保留残端纤维双束重建后交叉韧带的病例对照研究

目的:评估"Y"形双束后交叉韧带重建中保留残端纤维的临床疗效。方法:自2007年1月至2010年11月,将符合纳入标准的单纯后交叉韧带陈旧性损伤患者50例,分为保留残端纤维组(保残组)和切除残端纤维组(不保残组)。保残组26例,男19例,女7例;年龄18～55岁,平均(32.250±11.085)岁;术前受伤时间2～66个月,平均(17.481±3.568)个月。不保残组24例,男17例,女7例;年龄20～54岁,平均(31.458±9.569)岁;术前受伤时间3～72个月,平均(19.354±3.950)个月。两组患者均有膝关节不稳,后抽屉试验阳性。保残组:术中保留髁间窝残端纤维、瘢痕组织及滑膜,仅切除导致髁间窝呈球状游离韧带组织。不保残组:切除残端纤维、瘢痕组织及其附着部滑膜组织。两组均采用自体半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱双束重建后交叉韧带,胫骨侧采用可吸收挤压钉与牵引线拴桩固定,股骨侧采用可吸收挤压钉与牵引线悬吊复合固定。术前及术后2年分别对两组患者进行主观评估(主观性IKDC、Lysholm评分及Cincinnati评分)和客观临床评估(客观IKDC评分、Kneelax3胫骨后移测试)。结果:主观评估结果比较:主观性IKDC评分,保残组92.167±4.177优于不保残组87.542±5.687(P=0.010);Lysholm评分,保残组90.917±4.413优于不保残组87.083±5.149(P=0.027);Cincinnati膝关节评分,保残组92.125±4.003优于不保残组87.791±6.665(P=0.027)。客观评估结果比较:客观IKDC评分,保残组与不保残组比较差异无统计学意义;Kneelax3检查,在132N力作用下用Kneelax3做胫骨后移测试,保残组与不保残组差异无统计学意义。结论:保留残端纤维与切除残端纤维双束重建后交叉韧带比较,保留残端纤维双束后交叉韧带重建术后膝关节主观功能恢复更好,而术后膝关节机械稳定性无明显差异。     

CT诊断肾损伤的应用研究

目的评价CT检查诊断急性肾损伤的应用价值及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析33例急性肾损伤的CT影像特征。结果Ⅰ型肾挫伤（肾内血肿）2例，Ⅱ型包膜下血肿11例，Ⅲ型严重肾损伤（肾横断或碎裂）14例，Ⅳ型单纯肾周血肿6例。结论CT检查迅速、安全，可明确诊断并确定肾损伤类型，为临床诊疗提供可靠依据，宜作为首选检查方法。     

骨盆后环损伤的内固定治疗

目的 探讨手术内固定治疗骨盆后环损伤的临床疗效.方法 对22例骨盆后环损伤患者分别采用微创技术椎弓根螺钉固定、骶髂关节空心螺钉固定及骨盆重建带后方髂髂固定3种方式治疗.结果 22例均随访,时间4~22个月.无切口感染、血管神经损伤及内固定松动或断裂,无骨折不愈合.结论 微创椎弓根螺钉固定、骶髂关节空心螺钉固定及骨盆重建带后方髂髂固定3种方式均为治疗骨盆后环损伤的有效方法,根据骨折类型及患者的情况选择不同的内固定方式,可获满意疗效.